Paragraph of ''Conditional If''

  ''Conditional If''

Once upon a time, there was a duck and a buffalo lived in a swamp. They lived together.
Every each other is always help every day. Example: In different area, If buffalo know some food for the duck in bufallo’s area, the duck will give information to buffalo that there is some food in duck’s area. One day, the buffalo saw the hunters want to catch his friend, the duck. The duck didn’t see that there are hunters who were approached her. The buffalo trying to stop the hunter but he failed. He thought if his friend died, he would feel very sad¹.

Then he met a bee passed him, and then the buffalo ask the bee to tell the duck that there is a hunter who was hunting her. The bee agreed to meet with the duck. Because the bufallo would be angry if the bee didn’t help her². When the bee had met the duck, he said, there are the hunters want to kill you, go before they were met you!!! The duck then run away from the hunters.

After the hunters is not there again, the duck is come back to the swamp and her thanked to the buffalo and the bee for their help. She said that she would have died, if they didn’t immediately notified her. Then the bee said, “Don’t thank me, give thanks to the buffalo because he was worried” The buffalo then smiled and said to the duck that, He would help her if he could. Finally, they lived happily ever after.

1.If buffalo know some food for the duck in bufallo’s area, the duck will give information to buffalo that there is some food in duck’s area.
# If + Present Tense(V1),  Will + infinitive / present tense / imperative’
2.He thought if his friend died, he would feel very sad¹, The bufallo would be angry if the bee didn’t help her².
# Subject+Verb2, Subject+would+verb1
3. She would have died, If they didn’t immediately notified her
If + Past Perfect Tense, Would have + Past participle (V3)

Summary '' Noun Clause''

                                                                    Noun Clause

A noun clause is a group of words that include a subject and a verb, and it functions as a noun. A noun clause is a subordinate clause, which means it is not a complete statement. As a dependent clause, it must connect to an independent clause (main clause).
Noun Clauses wich begin with a Question Word.
Noun clause firstly connect with conjunction : How, when, where, who, whom, and what then followed by subject and predicate.
Example1: This car is what I want.
In a sentence ‘’what I want’’ is the complement of  the sentence ‘’ This car is’’. In a noun clause  have followed conjunction ‘’ what’’, subject ‘’ I’’ and predicate ‘’ want’’
Noun Clause which begin ‘’ Whether’’ or ‘’ If’’
When a yes/ no question is changed to a noun clause, Whether or if is used to introduce the clause. Whether is more acceptable in formal English but is quite commonly used, especially in speaking.
Example: (a).I don’t know whether she will come.
                 I don’t know if she will come.
Noun Clause in Question Words followed by infinitives
Question words like who, where, when, etc.  and whether may be followed by infinitive. Each part of sentences in the examples has the same meaning. Notice that the meaning expressed by the infinitive is either should or can/ could.
Example: a. I don’t know what should I do.
               I don’t know what to do.
Noun Clause which begin with ‘’THAT’’
The word ‘’that’’ when it introduces a noun clause , has no meaning in itself.  It simply marks the beginning of the clause. Frequently it is omitted, especially in speaking.
Example: (Statement) ‘’ she is a good actor’’
            a. I think that he is a good actor.
Reported Speech and The Formal Sequence of tenses in Noun Clause.
Reported Speech refers to using a noun clause to report what someone has said. If the reporting speech (the main verb of the sentence, e.g said)  is in the past, the verb in the noun clause will usually also be in a past form.
Example :
For immediate reporting: - What did the teacher just say? I didn’t hear him. 
                             - He said he wants us to read Chapter Six.
Later reporting               : - I didn’t go to class yesterday. Did Mr. Jones make any assignment ?
                           : - Yes. He said he wanted us to read Chapter Six.
The Subjunctive in Noun Clause

The subjunctive is used in noun clause that follows  not certain verbs and expressions. The sentences generally stress importance. In these sentences the subjunctive verb is used only in its simple form. It doesn’t have present, past or future form. It’s neither singular or plural.
Example : The teacher demans that we be on time. (be is a subjunctive verb)
Using –Ever Words in Noun Clause
The following –ever words give the idea of ‘’any’’. Each pair of sentences in the examples has the same meaning.
That are: Whoever, Whomever, Whatever, Whichever, Whenever, Wherever, However,
The example: Whoever wants to come is welcome.
            He always say whatever comes into his mind.

Summary ''Adjective Clause''

Adjective Clause
Adjective Clause is dependent clause that function as adjective and describes or gives explanation about a Noun or Pronoun.
The Components of an Adjective Clause:
  It will start with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, that, or which) or a relative adverb (when, where, or why). (This links it to the noun it is modifying.)
#Note: Quite often, the relative pronoun can be omitted. However, with an adjective clause, it is always possible to put one in. There is more on this below.
  It will have a subject and a verb.(These are what make it a clause.)
  It will tell us something about the noun. (This is why it is a kind of adjective.)
The pattern:
[Subject+ Be/Verb +Noun/Pronoun]-[Relative Pronoun+ S+V]
Ex: This is the man-who will rule our country.
      I have just met the girl-whose car is Audy.
      This is picture- that I like very much.
      A pilot is a person-who flies an airplane .
      Miranda wears a suit- wich cost US$250.
Commas and No Commas around an Adjective
Don't use commas if your clause is essential; it is required to identify its noun. (This is called a restrictive clause.)
Do use commas if your clause is just additional information. (This is called a non-restrictive clause.)
The example of a non-restrictive clause:
My brother, who claimed to have a limp, sprinted after the bus. (true)
(This clause is not required to identify My brother. It is just additional information.)
My brother (who claimed to have a limp) sprinted after the bus. (true)
(As it's just additional information, you can put it in brackets.)
Compare this to a restrictive clause:
The tramp who claimed to have a limp sprinted after the bus. (true)
(This clause is required to identify The tramp. Without it, we don't know which tramp we're talking about.)
The tramp (who claimed to have a limp) sprinted after the bus. (false)
(This sentence is only appropriate if we know which tramp we're talking about.)
The tramp sprinted after the bus. (false)
(This sentence is only appropriate if we know which tramp we're talking about.)

Summary ''Subjunctive''

SUBJUNCTIVE
Subjunctive is a verb form that expresses a wish that Doesn’t/Didn’t happen and contrary the fact.
Subjunctive is devided into : Present Subjunctive and Past Subjunctive.
Subjunctive usually preceeded by : If only, Wish, Would rather, and As if/As thought.
Example:
If only you could take me home.
I wish I knew her address.
That man behaves as if he had owned the company.
I would rather eat Italian food.

Expressions Followed by the Subjunctive
The Subjunctive is used after the following expressions:
-It is best (that)
-It is crucial (that)
-It is desirable (that)
-It is essential (that)
-It is imperative (that)
-It is important (that)
-It is recommended (that)
-It is urgent (that)
-It is vital (that)
-It is a good idea (that)
-It is a bad idea (that)
Examples:
1.It is crucial that you be there before Tom arrives.
2.It is important she attend the meeting.
3.It is recommended that he take a gallon of water with him if he wants to hike to the bottom of the Grand Canyon.

Present Subjunctive
Subject + v2 but the fact is S+v1
Example:
If only I were a doctor.The fact (I am a businessman)
I wish that I met Michael Jordan. The fact ( I don’t meet him)

Past Subjunctive
Subect +had v3 but the fact is S+hadv2
Example:
He looks tired as if he had woked hard. The fact is (But he didn’t work hard)
Miranda wishes that she had not come late again again. The fact is (But came late again)

Note:
The following nouns are used in the form subjunctive consist of advise/suggestion. The word ‘’that’’ must always appear in subjunctive sentences. If it omitted most of adjective are followed by The invinitive with the form :
Subject+verb+noun+that+subject+verb1
Example: He gives her a recommendation that she be invited
The following adjectives are used in the form subjunctive consist of advise/suggestion. The word ‘’that’’ must always appear in subjunctive sentences. If it omitted most of adjective are followed by The invinitive with the form :
It+be+adjective+that+subject+verb1
Example:
It is necessary that he get good education.
The following verb are used in the form subjunctive consist of advise/suggestion. The word ‘’that’’ must always appear in subjunctive sentences. If it omitted most of adjective are followed by The invinitive with the form :
Subect+Verb+that+subject+verb1
Example: The teacher requires that all students study hard.

 

Summary ''Conditional If''

                    Conditional If
 ‘’First Conditional’’
Nature: Open condition, what is said in the condition is possible.
Time: This condition refers either to present or to future time.

Formula:     ‘’ If + Present Tense(V1),  Will + infinitive / present tense / imperative’’
a. If you help me with the dishes, I will help you with your homework. (Will + Infinitive)
b. If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by three, The number is divisible by three. (Will+ Present  tense)
c. If you see Mr.Fox tonight, tell him I am ill. (Will+ Imperative).

 ‘’Second conditional’’
Nature: unreal (impossible) or improbable situations.
Time: present; the TENSE is past, but we are talking about the present, now.

Formula:       ‘’If + Past Tense(V2),  Would + Infinitive’’
a. If I knew her name, I would tell you.(Would+ Infinitive)
b. Compare:  If I become president, I will change the social security system. (Said by a presidential candidate)
If I became president, I would change the social security system. (Said by a schoolboy: improbable)
c. Were replaces Was:
If I were a rich man... I would around the world.

 ‘’Third conditional’’
Nature: unreal.
Time: Past (so we are talking about a situation that was not so in the past.)
Formula :         ‘’If + Past Perfect Tense, Would have + Past participle (V3)’’
Example:
a. If you had warned me, I would not have told your father about that party.(But you didn't, and I have).
b. If I had had enough money, I would have gone to Japan.
‘’ I  do not normally use will or would in the conditional clause,
only in the main clause’’